FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.

Form of Simple Past

For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add “ed”.

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’

Use of Simple Past

• action in the past taking place once, never or several times

  Example: He visited his parents every weekend.

• actions in the past taking place one after the other

  Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.

• action in the past taking place in the middle of another action

  Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

• if sentences type II (If I talked, …)

  Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.

Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang sudah berlalu

Rumus Simple Past Tense

S + was,were + adjective / S + V2 + Object

Example : I was happy yesterday, I went to school with my father this morning

Negative : You were not happy yesterday, I didn't go to school with my father

Interogative : Were you happy yesterday ? , Did you go to school ?

The simple past tense is used to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You state when it happened using a time adverb.

You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a regular verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learned.

Simple Past Timeline

For example:

"Last year I took my exams."

"I got married in 1992."

It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now.

For example:

"I lived in South Africa for two years."

The simple past tense is also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the past.

For example:

"When I was a child we always went to the seaside on bank holidays."

Take a look at the following conjugation chart. Notice from the above dialogue and following chart that the present continuous (progressive) is used to describe what is happening at the moment. It is also used to describe a plan in the near future (this evening, next week, on Saturday, etc.). The present continuous (progressive) is often used with: now, at the moment, today, this morning - afternoon - evening.

IMPORTANT NOTES:

• The present continuous (progressive) is used only with action verbs. Example: I am working at the moment NOT I am believing you.
• The present continuous (progressive) is also used to describe an action which is happening around this moment: Example: I'm reading 'Just in Time' this week. I'm not reading the book at this particular moment, but around this time.

The present progressive is formed by combining the verb "to be" with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the "-ing" form of a verb.)

I am studying.
I am studying with María.

In English, present progressive can be used to describe what is happening now, or what will happen in the future.

I am studying now.
I am studying with María tonight.

In Spanish, the present progressive is only used to describe an action that is in the process of taking place. It is not used for future actions.

I am studying now.
(use present progressive)

I am studying with María tonight.
(do not use present progressive)

To form the present progressive in Spanish, combine a form of "estar" with the present participle.

Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.

Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.

María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.

In order to form the present progressive, you must know how to conjugate the verb estar, and how to form the present participle. You already know how to conjugate the verb estar:

estar

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

To form the present participle of regular -ar verbs, add -ando to the stem of the verb.

hablar: hablando
(hablar - ar + ando)

trabajar: trabajando
(trabajar - ar + ando)

estudiar: estudiando
(estudiar - ar + ando)

To form the present participle of regular -er and -ir verbs, add -iendo to the stem of the verb.

comer: comiendo
(comer - er + iendo)

hacer: haciendo
(hacer - er + iendo)

vivir: viviendo
(vivir - ir + iendo)

escribir: escribiendo
(escribir - ir + iendo)

To form the present participle of -ir stem changing verbs, change e:i and o:u in the stem, and then add -iendo to the stem of the verb.

servir: sirviendo
pedir: pidiendo
decir: diciendo

dormir: durmiendo
morir: muriendo
poder: pudiendo

Sometimes when forming the present participle it is necessary to change the spelling of a word so that it agrees with the way it is pronounced. We call this an "orthographic" change. Here are some common examples:

caer: cayendo
creer: creyendo
huir: huyendo
ir: yendo
influir: influyendo
oír: oyendo
traer: trayendo
leer: leyendo
seguir: siguiendo

The following examples illustrate the rules for forming the present participle.

hablar: hablando (-ar)
comer: comiendo (-er)
vivir: viviendo (-ir)
decir: diciendo (e:i)
dormir: durmiendo (o:u)
leer: leyendo (orthographic)
seguir: siguiendo (orthographic)

To form the present progressive, simply conjugate the verb estar to agree with the subject of the sentence, and follow it with the present participle.

Juan está comiendo pan.
John is eating bread.

María y Carmen están hablando con nosotros.
Mary and Carmen are speaking with us.

Remember, only use the present progressive for actions that are "in progress." Compare the uses of the present indicative with the uses of the present progressive.

Estudio español. (Present Indicative)

I study Spanish.
I am studying Spanish (these days).
I do study Spanish.

Estoy estudiando español. (Present Progressive)

I am studying (right now, at this moment) Spanish.

It is important to remember that you would never use the present progressive to say something like "We are going to Spain this summer." Use present progressive only for actions that are "in progress."

Let's add two more verb flashcards: one for present progressive and one for practice in forming the present participle:

Verb Flashcards
Complete List

Present Progressive

estar + present participle
I am speaking (right now, at this moment)
Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future.

Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo)

hablar - hablando (-ar)
comer - comiendo (-er)
vivir - viviendo (-ir)
decir - diciendo (e:i)
dormir - durmiendo (o:u)
leer - leyendo (orthographic)
seguir: siguiendo (orthographic)

The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future.

Present progressive is also known as present continuous.

aq ga lupa..asal ayank hidup lbh baik....



aq akan ksh kesempatan buat kamu..



setiap org bisa berubah asal niat dan tekad mash ada maka semua dapat diraih....



smua keadaan bisa berubah tapi bagaimana cara kita untuk merubahnya ya kamu lah yang menentukan..



tutup semua yang buruk buka semua dengan paradigma yang baru..



buka mata untuk masa depan mu yang indah slalu berpikita positif.....


percaya semua akan bisa berubah..


Berubah untuk hidup mu.. untuk membuat bahagia orang yang kamu sayang...


waktu kita ga lama lagi,maka pergunakan semua sebaik mungkin,hidup ini ibarat uap yang muncul lalu hilang secepat mungkin,..

so jangan sia2kan semua ini..


ku yakin KAMU BISA..



YOU CAN DO IT HONEY,,,


MAAFKAN AKU...


SEMUA MARAH KU...

BUKAN BERMAKSUD MENYAKITIMU..

TAPI KARENA KU SAYANG PADAMU DAN KU INGIN KA BERUBAH TUNJUKAN PADA SEMUA ORANG KALAU KAMU BISA...


APA YANG MEREKA KATAKAN SEMUA ITU SALAH!!!!!!!!! KAMU BUKAN ORANG BIASA..BUT you are wonderful people


met 10 bulanan ya sayang i love u

maafkan atas semua kesalahan ku aku tahu ku tak sempurna tapi ku hanya ingin kau tahu semua ku lakukan hanya ingin membuat mu lebih baik dari ini,,,,

jika ku tak menyanyangi mu aq tidak akan pernah peduli,,karena ku menyayangi mu maka semua yang ku lakukan itu untuk mu..

marahku,emosi ku,sayangku,cintaku,just for u


To My Lovely Robert


met 10 bulanan ya sayang..


i love u and love u

English verbs are normally known by infinitives :

ex. to work to speak to go

Positive (Subject + verb)

I work

You work

He

She works

It

We work

You work

They work

Interrogative (DO / DOES[FOR THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR]+ SUBJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO)

Do I work

Do you work

he

Does she work

It

Do we work

Do you work

Do they work

Negative (SUBJECT + DO / DOES[FOR THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR]+ NOT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO)

I do not (don’t) work

You do not (don’t) work

He

She does not (doesn’t) work

It

We do not (don’t) work

You do not (don’t) work

They do not (don’t) work

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

• the action is general
• the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
• the action is not only happening now
• the statement is always true

Look at these examples:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of them are now:

Simple Present (Present Simple) - Introduction

Simple present is also called present simple.

The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

OTHER, ANOTHER

These words refer to something different, remaining, or additional.

They are placed before the noun.

Another is used with singular nouns.

Other with singular or plural.

• There are other jobs you could try.
• Where's the other packet of cereals?
• Is there any other bread?
• Have another cup of tea.

Other, Another and “A Whole Nuther”

So often I hear people use the word “nuther” when they mean “other”. Like in “that’s a whole nuther story.”How did this happen?

First, I don’t think that the word “nuther/nother” is being substituted for the word “other” in this expression. Rather, the word “whole” is being inserted between elements of the word another: a-whole-nother.

It could be jocular usage, or it could be an example of metanalysis:

The reinterpretation of the form of a word resulting in the creation of a new word; esp. the changing of the boundaries between words or morphological units.

Our word apron, for example, used to be napron, but speakers hearing the words “a napron” thought they were hearing “an apron.” The same thing happened with auger, adder and umpire. Working in the other direction, what we call “a newt” used to be “an ewt(e).”

Some speakers may try to “correct” a whole nuther story to the ungrammatical a whole other story with the result that the latter may become a common usage.

As to how it happened–

“A whole nuther/nother story” has caught on because people who hear it like it.

It also fits the patterns of English speech. The OED, for example, offers several uses of nother, most of them obsolete, but the word has a long history in the language.

The Old English word oþer meant “a second of two.” The merger of an (one) with other is documented from 1225.

Another is different from the other:

another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent.

the other points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more.

I don’t think “a whole nuther” belongs in the speech or writing of news announcers or journalists who have a responsibility to adhere to standard usage, but its informal use in conversation doesn’t pain my grammar nerve.

Other and Another

other determiner (OPPOSITE)

the other side/end (of sth)
the opposite side or end of something

Put the chair at the other end of the desk.
The man was waiting on the other side of the street.

other determiner (DIFFERENT)

different from the thing or person already mentioned

I've no cash - is there no other way of paying?
He likes travelling abroad and learning about other people's customs and traditions.

the other day/week, etc.

referring to a day, week, etc. in the recent past without saying exactly when it was

I saw him just the other day/night.

other than
•
FORMAL different from or except

Holidays other than those in this brochure do not have free places for children.
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
•
in a negative sentence, used to mean 'except'

There's nothing on TV tonight, other than rubbish.

in other words

used to introduce an explanation that is simpler than the one given earlier

He was economical with the truth - in other words, he was lying.

or other INFORMAL

used when you cannot or do not want to be exact about the information you are giving

The event was held in some park or other.
We'll find someone or other to help us.

another determiner pronoun (ADDITIONAL)

one more person or thing or an extra amount

I'm going to have another piece of cake.
"Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen?" "Another one?!"
We can fit another person in my car.
Danny's had yet another car accident.
For another £30 (= For £30 more) you can buy the model with remote control.
Just think, in another three months (= three months from now) it'll be summer again.

one ... after another

a lot of things, one after the other
I'm not surprised he's feeling ill - he was eating one ice-cream after another!

Sekarang ini perkembangan dunia Teknologi Informasi (TI) telah berkembang pesat salah satunya dalam hal bahasa pemrograman. Ada beberapa bahasa pemrograman, salah satunya adalah Java yang sudah tidak di ragukan lagi perannya dalam perkembangan TI.

Java adalah bahasa pemrograman yang dapat berjalan di semua platform tanpa harus mengubah kode sedikitpun dengan syarat pada sistem yang digunakan sudah terdapat JRE (Java Runtime Environment). Hal inilah yang menjadi kekuatan Java sebagai bahasa pemrograman multiplatform write once run anywhere. Aplikasi menggunakan Java sangatlah luas dan dibagi menjadi tiga sub bagian yaitu J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition), J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition), dan J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition). Dari ketiga sub bagian tersebut yang membedakan adalah cakupan aplikasi yang ingin dibuat. J2EE digunakan untuk aplikasi yang bersifat enterprise dan dalam sekala yang besar seperti sistem terdistribusi, J2SE digunakan untuk aplikasi standard pada desktop sedangkan J2ME lebih dikonsentrasikan untuk aplikasi yang bersifat embedded seperti mobile device. Dari ketiga sub bagian yaitu J2EE, J2SE, dan J2ME masih dibagi lagi menjadi bagian-bagian yang spesifik dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. J2SE adalah framework yang sering digunakan, karena semua platform Java menggunakan J2SE sebagai base development.

JMF API (Java Media Framework Application Programming Interface) adalah extension dari J2SE yang dikonsentrasikan untuk pemrograman pada multimedia streaming (JMF version 2.1.1e). JMF version 2.1.1e sudah mendukung RTP (Realtime Protocol) yang digunakan sebagai protokol aplikasi yang realtime seperti audio/video streaming. Dengan menggunakan API ini akan mempermudah dalam meng-implementasikan realtime protocol pada multimedia streaming.

JMF API merupakan arsitektur yang menggabungkan protokol dan pemrograman interface untuk merekam, menransmisi, dan playback media. Pada JMF version 2.1.1e, Sun's sebagai perusahaan pengembang bahasa pemrograman Java berinisiatif untuk membawa pemrosesan time-base media kedalam bahasa pemrograman Java. Time-base media adalah mengubah data yang diterima dengan berdasarkan waktu, termasuk didalamnya seperti audio dan video klip, MIDI, dan animasi.

Karakteristik time-based media adalah dibutuhkannya waktu untuk mengirimkan dan memproses media. Ketika media data dialirkan harus ditemukan timing yang tepat untuk menerima dan menapilkannya ini yang sering disebut sebagai streaming media. Misal ketika movie dimainkan, data tidak dapat dikirimkan dengan cepat sehingga akan terjadi delay pada waktu playback. Dengan kata lain, jika data tidak dapat dikirimkan dan diproses dengan cepat maka akan menyebabkan kehilangan data atau dropping frame untuk memperbaiki playback. Untuk mengatasi masalah waktu transfer data maka dikembangkan banyak format audio/video seperti Cinepak, MPEG-1, H.263, JPEG, PCM, Mu-Law, G.723.1 dan lain-lain. Dari masing masing format tersebut akan mempengaruhi kualitas video/audio, kebutuhan CPU, dan bandwidth.

Tujuan dari rancangan pembuatan software, “IMPLEMENTASI JAVA MEDIA FRAMEWORK API PADA MULTIMEDIA STREAMING” adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Menganalisa apakah program yang dibuat bisa berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan..

2.Agar dapat memahami format yang didukung oleh Java Media Framework API .

3.Dapat mengetahui prinsip transmisi dan cara kerja dari software yang dibuat sehingga dapat digunakan dalam aplikasinya.

4.Menghasilkan produk berupa software yang dapat dikembangkan dan digunakan oleh siapa saja.

5.Melakukan perbandingan menggunakan software lain dalam hal ini menggunakan AmCap(MSI Star Cam 370i) agar dapat mengetahui kelemahan dan kelebihan dari masing-masing software.

Mengingat luasnya masalah yang menyangkut tentang pembuatan tugas akhir “IMPLEMENTASI JAVA MEDIA FRAMEWORK API PADA MULTIMEDIA STREAMING”, maka ruang lingkup masalah akan dibatasi sebagai berikut :

1.Menggunakan webcam yang sudah didukung oleh Java.

2.Diimplementasikan dalam satu kelas jaringan.

3.Format Audio video yang digunakan tidak akan dibahas.

4.Frame rate yang digunakan ± 15 fps.

5.Frame Size yang digunakan ± 640x480.

6.Untuk transmisi video akan menggunakan 15 fps dengan kualitas JPEG 0.5 sedangkan untuk audio akan menggunakan format linear.

Artikel atau teori ini di ambil dari sumber :

http://one.indoskripsi.com/judul-skripsi/ilmu-komputer/implementasi-java-media-framework-api-pada-multimedia-streaming

Selamat membaca....^-^

God Bless You